⇒ The doctrine of transferred mens rea (or 'transferred malice' as it is sometimes known) applies where the mens rea of one offence can be transferred to another.

• For example, suppose A shoots at B intending to kill B, but misses and hits and kills C. Transferred malice can operate so that the mens rea of A (i.e. intention to kill B) can be transferred to the killing of C. Consequently A is liable for the murder of C, despite the fact that he did not actually intend to kill C.

⇒ See, for example, the case of R v Latimer (1886).

⇒ Transferred malice does not operate where the crime which occurred was different from that intended. See, for example, R v Pembliton (1874).