Facts: A trust fund was created to provide for two deaf and dumb elderly sisters who lacked the means to support themselves

Held: The trust was not held valid for the sisters’ absolute benefit, but rather as a trust for the purpose of providing for the sisters; that purpose trust was held valid because there were individuals (i.e. the sisters), as in Re Denley, who were directly and tangibly benefitting from the purpose’s performance

Facts: Money was settled to a trustee for various purposes, including maintaining cooperation between nations and preserving the independence and integrity of newspapers

Held: The trust was held not to fall under any of the three categories, so the trust was therefore void

Facts: Shaw left money on trust for the creation of a 40 letter alphabet.

Held: The purpose was held not to fall under any of the three categories, so the trust was therefore void and the money reverted on resulting trust