Verbal Periphrasis in Spanish

Introduction

In Spanish, a verbal periphrasis is a verbal construction made of two verb forms, a conjugated form and an impersonal form (an infinitive, a present participle, or a past participle).

Verbal periphrasis is used in the informal future, the present progressive, and the perfect tense.

For example:

Voy a comprar una camisa.
I am going to buy a shirt.
Está nadando muy bien.
He is swimming very well.

Common Types of Verbal Periphrasis

1. Ir + Preposition + Infinitive

This first type of verbal periphrasis consists of a conjugated form of ir + a preposition + an infinitive. For example:

Voy a estudiar.
I am going to study.

2. Haber + Past Participle

This second type of verbal periphrasis consists of a conjugated form of haber + a past participle. For example:

¿Has ido a España?
Have you been to Spain?

3. Estar + Present Participle

This third type of verbal periphrasis consists of a conjugated form of estar + a present participle. For example:

Está leyendo un libro.
She is reading a book.

List of Common Examples of Verbal Periphrasis

Verb + Infinitive

Verb + Infinitive Meaning
acabar de + infinitive to have just done something
acertar a + infinitive to manage to do something
acostumbrar a + infinitive to get used to doing something
alcanzar a + infinitive to be able to do something
cesar de + infinitive to cease to do something
comenzar a + infinitive to being to do something
deber de + infinitive to have to do something
dejar de + infinitive to stop doing something
echar(se) a + infinitive to burst/break into doing something
empezar a + infinitive to begin to do something
estar por + infinitive to be on the verge of doing something
estar a punto de + infinitive to be about to do something
haber de/que + infinitive to have to do something
ir a + infinitive going to do something
poder + infinitive to be able to do something
ponerse a + infinitive to start to do something
quedar por + infinitive to remain to do something
llegar a + infinitive to come to do something
romper a + infinitive to suddenly start doing something
soler + infinitive to do something usually
venir a + infinitive to come to do something
volver a + infinitive to return to do something
tardar en + infinitive to take a long time to do something
tener que + infinitive to have to do something
terminar de + infinitive to finish doing something

Verb + Present Participle

Verb + Present Participle Meaning
andar + present participle to be doing something
estar + present participle to be doing something
ir + present participle to be gradually doing something
llevar + present participle to continue to do something from the past
seguir + present participle to keep doing something
venir + present participle to have been doing something

Verb + Past Participle

Verb + Past Participle Meaning
dejar hecho + past participle to leave completed
haber + past participle to have done something
llevar puesto + past participle to have on
sentirse + past participle to feel + past participle
verse + past participle to see oneself as + past participle