⇒ A past participle (participio) is a very useful verb form that can function as an adjective or as part of a perfect tense when used in conjunction with the verb haber

⇒ o form the past participle of a regular verb, you drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado to the stem of -ar verbs and -ido to the stem of -er and -ir verbs.

⇒ This is equivalent to adding -ed to many verbs in English.

Verb Type	Infinitive Example	Stem Example	Past Participle Example
-ar verb	hablar	habl-	hablado
-er verbs	tener	ten-	tenido
-ir verbs	vivir	viv-	vivido

⇒ Quite a few Spanish verbs have irregular past participles.

⇒ In the table below you'll find a few of the most common ones.

⇒ For a more exhaustive list of irregular past participles, click here.

Infinitive	Past Participle	English
abrir	abierto	open/opened
decir	dicho	said
escribir	escrito	written
hacer	hecho	done/completed
ver	visto	seen

⇒ There are quite a few perfect tenses in Spanish, and they all use past participles.

⇒ Many of the perfect tenses use a version of the following formula:

Perfect Formula haber + past participle

⇒ The examples below show a past participle being used in the present perfect and the future perfect.

¿Has viajado mucho a Uruguay? Have you traveled a lot to Uruguay?

Habré leído todos sus libros. I will have read all of his books.

⇒ Check out our articles on these Spanish perfect tenses:

• Present Perfect
• Past Perfect
• Preterite Perfect
• Future Perfect
• Conditional Perfect
• Present Perfect Subjunctive
• Past Perfect Subjunctive
• Future Perfect Subjunctive

⇒ Past participles are commonly used as adjectives in Spanish.

⇒ When this is the case, they must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.

⇒ The following examples show past participles being used as adjectives.

Me encantan los huevos revueltos. I love scrambled eggs.

Salimos por la puerta abierta. We left through the open door.

Predicative Adjective:

⇒ Predicative adjectives are adjectives used in conjunction with a linking verb, such as ser (to be), estar (to be) , or parecer (to seem).

⇒ Predicative adjectives must also agree with the nouns they modify in gender and number.

Mi novela favorita fue escrita por Gabriel García Márquez. My favorite novel was written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

Las puertas están cerradas. The doors are closed.

Esta manzana parece podrida. This apple seems rotten.